Ethical and Legal Issues Free Essays

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Over the last several decades, professional nursing has evolved and changed because of the influence of ethical and legal issues. There may be a variety of reasons for the changes. Examples in changes are advances in medical technology, legal changes about abortion and euthanasia, a push toward patient rights and litigation, and ever decreasing resources in which to provide nursing care. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and Legal Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now With all these influences affecting care, it has become increasingly difficult to have a true understanding of the direction nursing should take when faced with moral, ethical, and legal issues. Examination of personal moral and ethics along with utilization of available resources will no doubt aid nurses in sorting out feelings, strategizing for the patient and families, and providing guidance to give the best care possible. One resource available is the American Nurses Association, they have developed a code of ethics that should act as a guide in directing care and solving the ethical and legal dilemmas that surface. When applying the code of ethics resource; nurses can assist their patients families in making informed decisions as well as understand their own and their colleague’s responsibilities. By examining two case scenarios, the first involving end of life decisions, the second involving nursing conduct, the application of the code of ethics, the legal aspects, and the nurses responsibilities would be better understood. It is prudent to begin by examining the legal responsibilities of the nurse in the work setting. A Registered Nurse carries a legal responsibility in the work setting. A nurse has a commitment to the safety of the patient and must be aware of inappropriate practice. All nurses have ethical duties to the patients they serve. According to the American Nurses Association; a nurse â€Å"promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient† (ANA, 2001, p. 18). If an action is taken that poses harmful effect on a patient’s health this needs to be immediately reported to a higher authority within the workplace or if necessary to a suitable outside authority. A nurse must be accountable for his or her individual nursing practice. The nurse’s duty is to identify anyone with questionable practice. All workplaces have guidelines set in place for these types of events. A nurse should concern herself about repercussions when reporting unethical practice. A nurse should be familiar and compliant with his or her state’s nurse practice act and his or her workplace policies applicable practice standards of care for each clinical area. In the malpractice exercise the nurse was observed on several occasions violating standards of care. The occurrences were reported immediately through the chain of command which in this case was administration. After anecdotal notes were kept by the nurse, she should prepare written documentation, including the time and location of the incident and names of any witnesses. Time should be taken to think about the incident and write down all important points that come to mind, who and, when, she notified in administration and what was told to them. This way everything would be in order and accessible if you need to recall when answering questions. Be honest and truthful if there is something you cannot remember you, state that you do not recall. There should be no disregard during this process, it is the ethical and legal duty of a nurse, as the patient advocate, to stand up, and protect the patient. Every nurse is equally responsible for his or her own actions. Responsibility also carries over to patients not under her direct care, the obligation for all patients. The incident was reported in the correct manner and she kept personal anecdotal records and upheld her ethical duties. Personal and societal views play a major role in the way a nurse views a current ethical situation. As nurses and as human beings, we each will have our own way of evaluating and assessing different circumstances that we are part of daily. No matter what kind of nursing or nursing experience that you may have, you cannot run from these trying predicaments. â€Å"Our ethical framework assists us when we experience serious ethical dilemmas† (Cameron Salas, 2010, p. 655). In the case regarding Marianne, there are countless ways in which personal and societal values could have played a part. They could affect how the family would be viewed by society if they did not try everything to save their loved one, or how would it look if they went through with the surgery and it looked as if Marianne was experiencing torture. Ethical dilemmas are never straightforward and never with a right or wrong answer. It is our job as nurses to put aside our feelings and beliefs and to educate the family on all of the potential outcomes that may be expected. We must remember as health care providers, to be non-judgmental. When reviewing the case of Marianne, the significant legal aspect to consider is the lack of a Healthcare Power of Attorney and Living Will. Not possessing Marianne’s documented wishes creates a legal ethical dilemma and creates family conflict. The responsibility of deciding the future of Marianne’s care will fall on the family with guidance from the hospital’s Ethics Committee. The ANA Code of Ethics provides nurses with guidance in legal and ethical responsibilities. The code describes the obligation of treating patients and families with autonomy. Lachman describes the role of autonomy in nursing care: â€Å"patients have a moral and legal right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate, complete, and understandable information in a manner that facilitates an informed judgment; to be assisted with weighing the benefits, burdens, and available options in their treatment, including the choice of no treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without deceit, undue influence, duress, coercion, or penalty; and to be given necessary support throughout the decision-making and treatment process â€Å"(Lachman, 2009, p. 55). Providing autonomous nursing care to Marianne and her family will ensure all the options are presented. The family members place trust in the nurse to provide good care and be supportive, regardless of the decision they make for Marianne’s future. The trust placed on nurses includes responsibility to the patient and the institution ensuring policies are adhered to thus avoiding the possibilities of negligence. With trust, nurses have an obligation to society. Legally we are â€Å"responsible to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth† (ANA, 2001, p. 8). No matter the situation of the patient in regard to age, race, religion, economic status, etc. We are to treat each patient and family member with the same amount of respect. Both case studies The Nurse as the Witness and The Six Caps are unique in different ways. Nurses often have the tendency to develop close relationships with patients. Reminders may be ne eded often that the purpose of nursing is not friendship but to alleviate suffering, protect the patient, promote wellness, and to help restore the health. In Marianne’s case the legal responsibility of the nurse is to communicate all possibilities of Marianne’s care. The nurse in this situation has an obligation to provide all the information possible to help the family come to a decision in regard to Marianne’s life. Nurses are to be truthful and never withhold any information. No matter what a family or patient decides, the nurse is to advocate for that decision. Family decisions are not the function of nurse, no matter what the nature. There may be instances when a nurse will be a witness or perhaps a defendant. Medical professionals see many and unique situations some will have to be reported and investigated. Documentation is a huge legal aspect of nursing. It will be always important to document exactly what you do and see. Opinions and assumptions are not good practice for documentation purposes as this would not hold up in court and may sway decisions. The malpractice case regarding the nurse as the witness is a fine example of the need to be proficient in documentation. Months and years later, what is in writing is what will count. As nurses we know, if it was not documented, it did not happen! For this particular case study, the nurse was obligated to report exactly what she wrote about the nurse in question. That nurse has an obligation to report any suspicions of abuse and neglect to administration even repeatedly if necessary. In any situation, the nurse has an obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. It may have consequences but, the overall nurse’s responsibility is to keep the patient safe. Summing up, it is clear that nursing practice can be influenced by personal ethics and morals. The American Nurses Association’s code of ethics provides a guide for practice. When applied to a practical case, such as Marianne and her family, the code of ethics allows the nurse caring for here to remain professional and objective without letting her own feelings influence the family. The nurse has a responsibility to Marianne, her family and the employing institution. Overall, these guidelines extend throughout practice and are set in place to protect society. It becomes a mutual trust and is why nursing is held to such a high standard. References American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Washington, DC: ANA. Blais, K. K. , Hayes, J. S. , Kozier, B. , Erb, G. (2006). Professional nursing practice. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Cameron, B. L. , Salas, A. S. (2010). Ethical openings in practical home care practice. Nursing Ethics, 17(5), 655-665. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com Practical use of the nursing code of ethics: part I. Medsurg nursing: official journal of the academy of medical-surgical nurses, 18(1), 55-57. Retrieved  from  http://EBSCOhost How to cite Ethical and Legal Issues, Papers

Business model and technological innovation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Business model and technological innovation. Answer: Introduction Strategic formulation is an integral part of the business for maintaining long term sustainability and generating profits. In majority of the cases, strategy is confused as tactics, goals, and objectives. The current business world is much competitive due to which the organizations strive to implement the best suited decisions to sustain the long-term positioning. However, it has been observed that some of the organizations can implement the strategic decision in a successful way whereas some fail to meet the criteria. The study would discuss the strategic success and failure of the institutions in the Higher Education Industry. The theoretical concept of the strategic views would ensure the significance and importance of the strategic implementation within the organization. The study would provide the insightful knowledge about the conceptual analysis of strategy and the elements associated with the strategic formulation by any organization. The suitable examples would also be analy zed. Discussion The conceptual definition of strategy is perceived in different ways. The business competitors make the necessary assumptions to implement the suitable strategy that would be helpful in accomplishing the business goals (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). The scholars have presented their perceived values to define and apply strategic decisions. However, as per the general view, strategy is considered as the sequential plan through which a firm can reach to the business goals and earn profits for a longer time. Currently, the Higher Education (HE) industry has been experiencing the enormous competition. It is thus necessary to select the suitable strategy to sustain the position in this competitive market. In order to implement any strategic decision, it is essential to focus on four key aspects. First, the HE organizations need to identify the competitive arenas or the market within which the business operates (Markides 2013). Second, it is necessary to identify the unique v alue that the institutions can provide to the students in compare to the competitors. It is important to analyze the major benefits that the students would receive from the institute. Third is to identify the potential capabilities and the availabilities of the resources to deliver the values to the students (Johnston and Bate 2013). It is essential for the company to utilize the exceptional human capital and the technology unrivaled network connection for developing the unique approaches for the service users. Fourth is to recognize the method of sustaining the ability of providing the unique values to the clients. For instance, Griffith University in Australia has been experiencing growth from last few years. The university has undertaken the strategic decision to develop the comprehensive educational programs to attract the interests of the students from different countries. On the contrary, the California State University (CSU) experienced the strategic failure due to the lack o f resources for accessing the excellence. The strategic failure would thus become one of the major obstacles in gaining profits for upcoming future. Conclusion The above analysis focuses on the basic approaches to be considered while formulating any strategy for a business. The current business world is much competitive due to which the organizations strive to implement the best suited decisions to sustain the long-term positioning. Especially, the Higher Education industry has been experiencing the major growth and competition simultaneously. Therefore, it is essential for the institute to formulate the strategy by identifying the key needs and key market. Strategy is considered as the sequential plan through which a firm can reach to the business goals and earn profits for a longer time. The development of the right strategy with the sequential steps may lead the organization towards enormous success whereas the inadequate resources may lead to the recognizable failure. Hence, it is important to identify the opportunity and implement the strategic decisions accordingly. Introduction The organizations often face enormous challenges due to the dynamic competitive scenario. Sometimes, it becomes difficult to maintain the reputation and image. Business innovation is a wider concept that creates the necessity of business model. The organizations use the innovative policies and strategies for sustaining the competitive position in this challenging business market (Trimi and Berbegal-Mirabent 2012). It is commented that business model innovation focuses on the brand new technique of generating revenues by creating the values for the product or the services (Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu 2013). People are more likely to avail the product or service if they can get any benefits out of it. The advancement in the technological field, many of the organizations are becoming much dependent on the digital media platform. It is one of the most fruitful way to connect people from different geographical boundaries. The study would focus on such business model innovation purposes in the Higher Education Industry. Discussion The development of the advanced technologies has brought drastic changes to the b business world. It has been observed that each of the organization plan their functionalities in a systematic and sequential way (Boons and Ldeke-Freund 2013). Business model is the structured form of this innovative thought process that determines the sequential pace of organizational functionalities. For example, in current educational industry, the universities are using the digital technologies at the classroom to improve the educational process. It is notable that the colleges and the universities have been experiencing daunting challenges for establishing the long-established business models. The higher education demands for more capital amount. It is observed that the sources of funding have eroded (Baden-Fuller and Haefliger 2013). During the financial crisis, the endowment suffered major losses and the aid of government was also much down. Many of the parents faced challenges to afford the fees of their higher education. Even worsening the situations, many of the parents questioned on the value of the education. The poor prospects for the employment failed to aid the interests of the people due to which the parents became insecure about the future of their children. In order to gather such financial stability, the higher educational institutes started making experiments with the different business models that may bring changes to their profitability parameter (Amit and Zott 2012). These changes created the considerable impact on the Higher Education industry in a drastic way. Especially, many of the universities in North America placed the greater significance on the research of the suitable faculty than the other aspects. Appointing new faculties was also one of the most significant parts of the business model innovation in the higher education industry. Conclusion Business model innovation is mainly focused on improving the overall quality of the business. It generally takes the change imperative to a complete new level. In the educational field, the major concentration of the business model innovation is to offer the better educational services to the students. Many of the universities have undertaken the advanced approaches in the classroom technologies for the betterment of the next level education. However, the decreasing level of the employment opportunity is the major obstacles in making profits. The parents are concerned about the value of education in return of the higher investments. The lack of the employment opportunity is thus considered as the major threat to the higher education industry. Therefore, the re-structure of the business model would be much beneficial in developing the better educational system and create the better future for the students. References Amit, R. and Zott, C., 2012. Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), p.41. Baden-Fuller, C. and Haefliger, S., 2013. Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), pp.419-426. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.9-19. Casadesus?Masanell, R. and Zhu, F., 2013. Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor?based business models.Strategic management journal,34(4), pp.464-482. Johnston, R.E. and Bate, J.D., 2013.The power of strategy innovation: a new way of linking creativity and strategic planning to discover great business opportunities. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Markides, C.C., 2013. Business model innovation: What can the ambidexterity literature teach us?.The Academy of Management Perspectives,27(4), pp.313-323. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Trimi, S. and Berbegal-Mirabent, J., 2012. Business model innovation in entrepreneurship.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,8(4), pp.449-465.

Essay Examples on Fascism Essay Example

Essay Examples on Fascism Paper 1st Essay Sample on Fascism Oliver Bleich Mrs. Howell Modern European History 5/22/00 Fascism in Germany and Italy Germany and Italy rose up under new leaders with a new type of governing policy. However, the same policies that caused growth lead to eventual collapse of these nations. Fascism grew because of extreme nationalism, fear, and governmental control. It failed due to absolute power by one man, its own aggressive nature, and lack of organization. Hitlers rise to power can be credited for many reasons. Firstly, the Nazis gave the German middle class a reason why they were having problems, and came up with a solution. As Hitler explained it by using pseudo science, the Jews were the problem and there was only one solution. Along with this he instituted mass propaganda against the Jews and for the Aryan race. This went a long way to create the kind of nationalism that Hitler was looking for. Soon most of Germany felt like a strong and united people, willing to do anything for their state and their leader . Those who were not, lived in constant fear of the Nazis. The SS and the SA policed the streets and used excessive violence whenever they felt it necessary. People were either happy to be with Hitler or afraid to oppose him. Hitler had control. With this control Hitler made policies that were actually very beneficial to the middle class. By eliminating large corporations, creating a strong military and increasing industry to equip the military Germany began to grow. There were a lot of problems in Italy. Mussolini used fascism in a very similar manner to Hitler. The way he saw it, Italy was divided into two sections: the north and the south. The northern part of Italy was industrialized while southern almost completely agricultural. Thus, Mussolini wanted to unify the people to create one strong nation. He went about this by using his own charisma and propaganda. 2nd Essay Sample on Fascism Fascism is defined as a system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. Fascism takes many forms, but despite the many forms that fascism takes, all fascist movements are rooted in two major historical trends. First, in late 19th-century Europe mass political movements developed as a challenge to the control of government and politics by small groups of social elites or ruling classes. For thefirst time, many countries saw the growth of political organizations with membership numbering in the thousands or even millions. Second, fascism gained popularity because many intellectuals, artists, and political thinkers in the late 19th century began to reject the philosophical emphasis on wisdom and progress that had emerged from the 18th-century intellectual movement, called the Enlightenment. Adolf Hitler was Chancellor of Germany during World War II.He transformed Germany into a military state, based on the beliefs of Nazism, making Germany an Anti-Semitic, Nationalist state. During his rule, he expanded his empire, conquering most of Europe, and some African states, in an effort to conquer the world.His Germany was a state of racial purity.Millions of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, and non-Germanic people were slaughtered, because they were considered inferior.The slaughter of the millions of people became known as the Holocaust.Germany and the axes lost World War II, and Hitler committed suicide in 1945. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Benito Mussolini was dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943.He was the founder and leader of Il Duce, or Italian Fascism. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Fascism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Fascism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Fascism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Psychological Egoism

Psychological egoism is the view that people are always selfish. When was the last time you did a good deed? Did you do it for its own sake, or for your own? The egoist says that all of us are necessarily self-regarding. I shall argue that this view is incorrect. First we should ask, what kind of claim is this? Is it an a priori claim, or a generalization from experience? If it were the latter, we could never conclusively prove it: we could never show that necessarily all actions are selfish. So it must be a priori. But no a priori claim could be substantive: a priori truths are all analytic (that is, the predicate is contained in the subject). So if this claim were analytic, it would become trivial. (It is worth noting that Kripke’s claim that there are a posteriori necessary truths does not show that a priori truths are not analytic.) The situation is paralleled by pseudo-sciences such as Freudian psychoanalysis. As Karl Popper has argued, any theory can be maintained so long as it is drained of empirical content. Like psychoanalysis, psychological egoism makes no genuine claims and can never be refuted. But it purchases certainty at the price of becoming vacuous. I shall have more to say on this below. The simplest way to see the egoist’s mistake is to distinguish between the side-effects of an action and the reason for which it was done. Suppose we grant that in doing a good deed, we usually get a pleasant feeling (though I suspect this is false). Even so, this would not show that that feeling was indeed the motivating factor in our behavior; it could simply be a side effect of doing the good deed. Compare the case in which someone types for hours on a philosophy paper and gets a cramp in his hand. Did I type in order to get the cramp? Of course not. To be sure, it was a foreseeable result of my typing, but it was not the motive for my heroic efforts. Perhaps we can go further in refuting the egoi... Free Essays on Psychological Egoism Free Essays on Psychological Egoism Psychological egoism is the view that people are always selfish. When was the last time you did a good deed? Did you do it for its own sake, or for your own? The egoist says that all of us are necessarily self-regarding. I shall argue that this view is incorrect. First we should ask, what kind of claim is this? Is it an a priori claim, or a generalization from experience? If it were the latter, we could never conclusively prove it: we could never show that necessarily all actions are selfish. So it must be a priori. But no a priori claim could be substantive: a priori truths are all analytic (that is, the predicate is contained in the subject). So if this claim were analytic, it would become trivial. (It is worth noting that Kripke’s claim that there are a posteriori necessary truths does not show that a priori truths are not analytic.) The situation is paralleled by pseudo-sciences such as Freudian psychoanalysis. As Karl Popper has argued, any theory can be maintained so long as it is drained of empirical content. Like psychoanalysis, psychological egoism makes no genuine claims and can never be refuted. But it purchases certainty at the price of becoming vacuous. I shall have more to say on this below. The simplest way to see the egoist’s mistake is to distinguish between the side-effects of an action and the reason for which it was done. Suppose we grant that in doing a good deed, we usually get a pleasant feeling (though I suspect this is false). Even so, this would not show that that feeling was indeed the motivating factor in our behavior; it could simply be a side effect of doing the good deed. Compare the case in which someone types for hours on a philosophy paper and gets a cramp in his hand. Did I type in order to get the cramp? Of course not. To be sure, it was a foreseeable result of my typing, but it was not the motive for my heroic efforts. Perhaps we can go further in refuting the egoi...

Woman in Law Enforcement Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Woman in Law Enforcement - Term Paper Example It is strange to see that women compose around 46.5% of the total workforce yet their numbers in law enforcement agencies hover around 10%. This disparity is negatively affecting policing in particular and law enforcement in general. The numbers of women in law enforcement agencies has not registered a substantial increase in the last decade or so. A number of sociological and criminal justice problems are to blame for such a situation. In order to discern this problem better, it is pertinent to compare the trends of hiring women in law enforcement agencies historically and in the present scenario. This can be used to delineate the various sociological and criminal justice issues at work. A look at reasons to hire women law enforcement officers will offer great insight into the need for more women law enforcement agents. Historical and Modern Perspectives on Women in Law Enforcement Historical Developments Women have been employed in law enforcement since the 19th century in various positions in America. Historically, women were consigned to clerical tasks or were hired as dispatchers. This continued till the 1970’s when women were encouraged to take up law enforcement roles through myriad cop and detective shows in the media. Another major factor behind this development was the civil rights movement and the ensuing affirmative action laws that effectively paved women’s way into law enforcement agencies. ... At this point in time, women furnish an estimated 12% of all positions in law enforcement agencies. Recent Trends A study conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) over women’s role in law enforcement is very revealing of the actual situation on ground. The study was conducted between 1987 and 2008 and focuses on the participation of women in law enforcement. The report clearly indicates that the number of women officers sworn in law enforcement agencies increased very little in federal, state and local agencies. The trend analysis of some 53 law enforcement agencies revealed that the percentage of women officers was 14% in 1998 which went up to 15.2% in 2008 which represents a 1.2% increase in a 10 year period. This indicates an average increase rate of 0.12% annually which represents extremely slow growth. The largest increase in the number of women officers was witnessed in the USPIS (United States Postal Inspection Service) and the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) which was some 7%. Both jobs are more clerical than field related. Furthermore, the U.S. Forest Service as well as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service experienced a net decrease in the number of women officers which went down from 16.1% in 1998 to some 15.9% in 2008. Other than this the distribution of women law enforcement officers is significantly different for large law enforcement agencies versus small law enforcement agencies. (Langton) Women law enforcement officers accounted for 15% of the total within the larger police departments in 2007. In contrast, women law enforcement officers accounted for 13% of the total within the larger sheriff’s offices. On the other hand smaller law enforcement agencies with 1 to 10 full time officers are composed of 6% women only. Smaller

Environmental Science Phase 5 Individual Project Essay

Environmental Science Phase 5 Individual Project - Essay Example There are several fatal flaws in the claim that the U.S. can’t afford to take the legislative steps necessary to slow the effects of global warming. The scientific community agrees that global temperatures are rising due to the burning of fossil fuels which are damaging the protective atmospheric Ozone layer by changing its composition. Human pollution is changing the climate of our earth and has increased global warming in the past half century. The effects are being felt worldwide, not just in the U.S. where most of the CO2 emissions are generated. The question before us is, are we stewards of our earth and will we preserve it for future generations? If the past 30 years are any indication, then the answer is no. Noticeable effects of global warming are fairly insignificant right now to the average person, but its effects are unquestionably growing in scale. If the population of the planet were to immediately discontinue polluting the air with carbon dioxide emissions, climate changes would still continue long into the future. It is vitally important that the people of the world realize that we have set in motion an experiment on planet Earth which we cannot simply turn off because we finally realized the dire consequences. If we injure the planet in this selfish, cataclysmic method, we kill future generations of humankind. Agricultural activity, land masses and the very air we breathe will suffer a radical change from the effects of global warming, but to what degree? I don’t know but don’t want to know. The projected rate of climate change is very alarming to many scientists but not as much to politicians as this topic isn’t as high on the political agenda as some others. It seems to me that the world leaders have no sense of urgency about them regarding global warming. They place great importance on the popular items of the

A summery of Blue ocean strategy book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A summery of Blue ocean strategy book - Essay Example If one has to compete with other industries, they will have to suffer losses and campaigns that could drain them or turn their survival mode on. The book consists of five parts which describe in detail the processes of excelling in business and forming new strategies. The starting section outlines the most important parts of the blue ocean strategy and the importance of forming a low costing evaluation. It derives the concept of ‘value innovation’ in which it is essential and vital to come up with something different than others to that the attention and worth of the product increases despite the cost which it is at – even though the cost should be low so that the product isn’t extremely expensive. The market is always up for something different at not a very high price because then everyone is bound to give it a try. And with the population around in billions, creating a small fortune won’t be that hard. The second part entails how the blue ocean strategy was created. The first principal is to come up with something of which there should be no competition so that the market space is open and unchallenged. It tells to focus on the bigger picture, to dream big and not to just settle for small profits because that is how good business is done. The risk is always there of course but the blue ocean strategy helps in forming the courage to take that risk, especially if there is enough confidence in the idea or the product. The risk that comes up with business is the third part. The scheme and plan with which a strategy is formed has to follow the six principles first. They are good in ensuring an effective and a relatively safe way to start a business. First things first, the formulated plan has to make sense to everyone. Then there are the customers who will not buy the product that have to be unlocked by the three tiers. Following is to know what market is friendly and to make